Dollar Cost Averaging (cont.)
Since it is almost impossible to consistently buy at the bottom of the market and sell at the top, a strategy can be employed that averages out the highest of the highs and the lowest of the lows to produce consistent results. This strategy, known as dollar cost averaging, enables a utility to achieve consistent results by spreading out the buying or selling of allowances over a period of time. Doing so hedges the risk that prices will move aggressively against one by buying or selling in small increments at the current best available price. Under this strategy, the average price will be near to the annual average price.

Rise of Advanced Structures
These circumstances have given rise to the use of sophisticated structures, which have become commonplace in other commodities markets in emissions trading. Despite the fact that most emissions market participants are utility personnel more comfortable on a turbine floor than a trading floor, many have gotten over the initial learning curve and are starting to become active in the emissions market.

The rise of advanced structures can also be pegged to the growing experience of the average emissions trading participant. An increasing amount of the activity in the market today contributes to liquidity and hinges on financial plays. Most trades take place in order to ensure compliance, but an increasing number of transactions are structured to capture value in the market's movement much like the transactions in commodities markets.

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